Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
D V G L N Rao
University of Massachusetts, USA
Keynote: Optical Fourier holography with thin films of bacteriorhodopsin for cancer diagnostics
Time : 09:00-09:45
Biography:
D V G L N Rao had a brilliant academic record at Andhra University where he got the degrees BSc (Honors), MSc and DSc physics. He was a Postdoc for two years each at Duke and Harvard Universities and taught at UMass Boston for about fifty years starting in 1968. As Emeritus Professor he continues to guide graduate students. His group has a niche for optical Fourier techniques and low power nonlinear optics with biological materials. He published over 120 papers in prestigious journals like Nature, Physical Review Letters etc. and has ten patents, one of which on Fourier Phase Contrast Microscopy is licensed to industry for marketing the technology.
Abstract:
Optical information processing using nonlinear optical materials is receiving a lot of attention due to the ever-increasing demand for photonic device applications. We studied transient Fourier holographic gratings based on photoinduced isomerization properties of thin polymer films of the protein complex Bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Real-time medical image processing is demonstrated by recording and reconstructing the transient photoisomerization grating formed in the bR film using Fourier holography. The diffraction efficiency of the grating is optimum when the intensity of the reference and object beams are matched. In the Fourier processed object beam transmitted through the mammogram high spatial frequencies corresponding to microcalcifications are on the edges and low spatial frequencies corresponding to the dense tissue are at the center. Desired spatial frequencies including both high, mid and low bands in the object beam (corresponding to different sizes of the microcalcifications in the mammogram) are reconstructed by controlling the reference beam intensity. The results are in agreement with a theoretical model based on photoisomerization grating. We exploited this technique for processing mammograms in real time for detecting microcalcifications buried in the soft tissue for possible early detection of breast cancer. A significant feature of the technique is the ability to transient display of a selected band of spatial frequencies in the reconstructing process which enables the radiologists to study the features of interest in great detail. A technician can record a movie of all the features and the radiologist can leisurely look at it leisurely. The hologram can be erased in a few seconds and the same film is ready to record a new hologram.
Keynote Forum
Chi Yu Hu
California State University, USA
Keynote: Nature has a powerful pick-up tool, supported by a simple universal mechanism, the Stark-effect Induced Gailitis resonance
Time : 09:45-10:30
Biography:
Chi Yu Hu is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University at Long Beach. She has completed her PhD in 1962 at MIT Cambridge and Assistant professor at 1963. She has extended her valuable service in this research field for several years and has been a recipient of many award and grants. Her international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields of study. Her research interests reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals.
Abstract:
The pursuit of anti-Hydrogen production has been ongoing for decades. That is due to the lack of accurate three-body scattering calculations. Recent calculation revealed the presence of Gailitis resonance. This resonance enhances the production rate. The search for low energy nuclear fusion or LENR has been going off and on for more than three decades. A path to LENR has been shown possible using nature’s pick-up mechanism, the Gailitis resonance! There are many resonances with unknown formation mechanism appearing in seemingly unrelated fields. We will try to examine as many as possible.
Keynote Forum
Qiu-he Peng
Nanjing University, China
Keynote: Magnetars by condensed matter physics
Time : 11:35-12:20
Biography:
Qiu-he Peng graduated from Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University at 1960 firstly taught at Peking University for 18 years and then is teaching at Nanjing University. He is mainly engaged in nuclear astrophysics, particle astrophysics, and galactic astronomy research. In the field of nuclear astrophysics, his researches involve neutron stars (pulsars), the supernova explosion mechanism and the thermonuclear reaction inside the star, the synthesis of heavy elements and an interstellar radioactive element such as the origin of celestial 26Al. 225 papers of him have been published.
Abstract:
1. We present the microscopic origin of the super-strong magnetic fields in magnetars. The ultra-strong magnetic field of the magnetars originates really from the induced paramagnetic moment of the 3 P2 superfluid with a significant mass more than 0.1m⊙ in a condition when their interior temperature here is the energy gap of the neutron 3 P2 Cooper pairs. In the case, a phase transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism due to the induced paramagnetic moment of 3 P2 Cooper pairs in the presence of background magnetic field. The upper limit of the magnetic field for the magnetars is 2. We find that the electron Fermi energy, Ef (e), increases with the magnetic field strength and it is proportional to B1/4 under the super strong magnetic field. We note that this result is exactly the opposite of the popular idea that the electron Fermi energy decreases with the magnetic field. The key reason for the dilemma is that an incorrect formulae of the microscopic number of states for the electrons in the intense magnetic field from some internationally well known popular textbooks on statistical physics has been repeatedly quoted by many authors. An important inference from our idea is the direct Urca process is permitted in the magnetars. 3. We propose a new mechanism for the production of the high soft X-ray luminosities of magnetars. In particular, the Fermi energy of the electrons is higher than 60MeV in ultra-strong magnetic fields, B>>Bcr (=4.414×1013 gauss), which is much higher than the Fermi energy of the neutrons. In this case, the process of electron capture (EC) by protons around the proton Femi surface would dominate in magnetars. The outgoing high-energy neutrons due to EC process can easily destroy the 3 P2 Cooper pairs through the nuclear strong interaction. When one Cooper pair is destroyed, the orderly magnetic energy 2μn B would be released and transformed into disorder thermal energy, then it may be radiated as soft X-rays. The Energy is in the X-ray range. The total magnetic energy of 3 P2 Cooper pairs can be estimated as 1.0×1047B15(m(3 P2 )/0.1m⊙)ergs. This energy can maintain over 4 6 10 − yrs for LX ≈ 1034-1036 ergs/s. We have also calculated the theoretical luminosities of magnetars, and our results compared very well with observations of magnetars
Keynote Forum
Debabrata Saha
Independent Research Scientist, USA
Keynote: Natural field: A link missing in contemporary physics
Time : 12:20-13:05
Biography:
Debabrata Saha is a research scientist who recently completed a teaching assignment in NIT, Karnataka, India as an Adjunct Professor. Before this, he taught for twenty-one years as a tenured member of a faculty, and, thereafter, worked as President of a consulting firm, both in the USA. He is a former Chairman of Washington DC–Northern Virginia Section of IEEE Information Theory Society, USA. His academic background includes earned degrees in (1) Science–BSc, Physics (Calcutta University), Technology–BTech, Electronics (Calcutta University), (3) Applied Science–MASc, Communication (University of Toronto), (4) Engineering–PhD, Computer, Information and Control Engineering (University of Michigan).
Abstract:
Natural field is a recently found new fundamental entity of nature in addition to existing four fundamentals, namely, Gravitation, Coulomb, Strong and Weak forces. It distinctly distinguishes itself from existing four in its ability to cause self-interference. The finding of Natural field came as the outcome of two observations made on shortcomings of Contemporary Physics. The first one is the incorrectness of de Broglie’s wave-particle duality (WPD), and the second one is a set of repeated experimental evidence for which Contemporary Physics offers no explanation. Natural field offers an explanation for this set. It is postulated that a matter particle, by virtue of its inertial mass, is always surrounded by a Natural field that follows from a set of dynamical equations. An important characteristic of Natural field, which follows from dynamical equations, is its ability to induce itself on to others upon impact. The notion of Natural field is easily extended from matter to light simply by replacing particle inertial energy with the photonic energy of light. Postulate of Natural field along with related theoretic analyses is supported by five independent set of repeated experimental results, namely, electron diffraction, reflection & refraction of light, splitting of light ray at a refracting surface without alteration in photonic frequency, double-slit interference pattern with photon passing through one slit at a time and not both slits simultaneously, and Braggs’ X-ray diffraction as well. Natural field exhibits characteristics common to both light and matter particle. It provides a unification of matter and light.
Keynote Forum
Oomman K Varghese
University of Houston, USA
Keynote: Advanced materials for solar photoelectrochemical fuel generation
Biography:
Oomman K Varghese received PhD in Physics from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), India in 2001. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Physics Department, University of Houston. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed articles, one book, a book chapter, and two patents. His publications have received over 31000 citations (Google Scholar h-index is 67). In 2011, Thomson Reuters ranked him 9th among ‘World's Top 100 Materials Scientists’ in the past decade. In 2014, 2015 and 2016 he received the title ‘Highly Cited Researcher’ and had a name listed in Thomson Reuters’ World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds.
Abstract:
Fuel generation using solar energy has been widely investigated as a potential pathway for sustainable development in the energy sector. Various technologies, normal and hybrid, have emerged in recent years to generate fuels from sources such as water and carbon dioxide utilizing the ultraviolet/visible or thermal (or both) components of the solar spectrum. Solar photoelectrochemical fuel generation is one such technology that utilizes the photocatalytic properties of semiconducting materials to convert energy in the ultraviolet/visible part of the solar spectrum to fuels. The process does not require elevated temperature or pressure conditions. The sunlight to fuel conversion efficiency is, however, not yet high enough to apply the technology on a commercial scale. The primary limitation is in the inability of the photocatalysts to absorb visible light photons or transport the photo-generated charge carriers to the surface for redox reactions. Wide band gap photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide transport charge carriers relatively better than narrow band gap semiconductors such as iron oxide; however, wide band gap materials utilize only the ultraviolet photons. We recently introduced a strategy that consists of joining a wide band gap and a narrow band gap nanoarchitecture to form a heterostructure photoelectrode. Such electrodes exhibited promising characteristics for broad-spectrum light utilization. These results along with the current state of the technology will be discussed in this presentation.