Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
D V G L N Rao
University of Massachusetts, USA
Keynote: Optical Fourier holography with thin films of bacteriorhodopsin for cancer diagnostics
Time : 09:00-09:45
Biography:
D V G L N Rao had a brilliant academic record at Andhra University where he got the degrees BSc (Honors), MSc and DSc physics. He was a Postdoc for two years each at Duke and Harvard Universities and taught at UMass Boston for about fifty years starting in 1968. As Emeritus Professor he continues to guide graduate students. His group has a niche for optical Fourier techniques and low power nonlinear optics with biological materials. He published over 120 papers in prestigious journals like Nature, Physical Review Letters etc. and has ten patents, one of which on Fourier Phase Contrast Microscopy is licensed to industry for marketing the technology.
Abstract:
Optical information processing using nonlinear optical materials is receiving a lot of attention due to the ever-increasing demand for photonic device applications. We studied transient Fourier holographic gratings based on photoinduced isomerization properties of thin polymer films of the protein complex Bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Real-time medical image processing is demonstrated by recording and reconstructing the transient photoisomerization grating formed in the bR film using Fourier holography. The diffraction efficiency of the grating is optimum when the intensity of the reference and object beams are matched. In the Fourier processed object beam transmitted through the mammogram high spatial frequencies corresponding to microcalcifications are on the edges and low spatial frequencies corresponding to the dense tissue are at the center. Desired spatial frequencies including both high, mid and low bands in the object beam (corresponding to different sizes of the microcalcifications in the mammogram) are reconstructed by controlling the reference beam intensity. The results are in agreement with a theoretical model based on photoisomerization grating. We exploited this technique for processing mammograms in real time for detecting microcalcifications buried in the soft tissue for possible early detection of breast cancer. A significant feature of the technique is the ability to transient display of a selected band of spatial frequencies in the reconstructing process which enables the radiologists to study the features of interest in great detail. A technician can record a movie of all the features and the radiologist can leisurely look at it leisurely. The hologram can be erased in a few seconds and the same film is ready to record a new hologram.
Keynote Forum
Chi Yu Hu
California State University, USA
Keynote: Nature has a powerful pick-up tool, supported by a simple universal mechanism, the Stark-effect Induced Gailitis resonance
Time : 09:45-10:30
Biography:
Chi Yu Hu is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University at Long Beach. She has completed her PhD in 1962 at MIT Cambridge and Assistant professor at 1963. She has extended her valuable service in this research field for several years and has been a recipient of many award and grants. Her international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields of study. Her research interests reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals.
Abstract:
The pursuit of anti-Hydrogen production has been ongoing for decades. That is due to the lack of accurate three-body scattering calculations. Recent calculation revealed the presence of Gailitis resonance. This resonance enhances the production rate. The search for low energy nuclear fusion or LENR has been going off and on for more than three decades. A path to LENR has been shown possible using nature’s pick-up mechanism, the Gailitis resonance! There are many resonances with unknown formation mechanism appearing in seemingly unrelated fields. We will try to examine as many as possible.
Keynote Forum
Qiu-he Peng
Nanjing University, China
Keynote: Magnetars by condensed matter physics
Time : 11:35-12:20
Biography:
Qiu-he Peng graduated from Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University at 1960 firstly taught at Peking University for 18 years and then is teaching at Nanjing University. He is mainly engaged in nuclear astrophysics, particle astrophysics, and galactic astronomy research. In the field of nuclear astrophysics, his researches involve neutron stars (pulsars), the supernova explosion mechanism and the thermonuclear reaction inside the star, the synthesis of heavy elements and an interstellar radioactive element such as the origin of celestial 26Al. 225 papers of him have been published.
Abstract:
1. We present the microscopic origin of the super-strong magnetic fields in magnetars. The ultra-strong magnetic field of the magnetars originates really from the induced paramagnetic moment of the 3 P2 superfluid with a significant mass more than 0.1m⊙ in a condition when their interior temperature here is the energy gap of the neutron 3 P2 Cooper pairs. In the case, a phase transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism due to the induced paramagnetic moment of 3 P2 Cooper pairs in the presence of background magnetic field. The upper limit of the magnetic field for the magnetars is 2. We find that the electron Fermi energy, Ef (e), increases with the magnetic field strength and it is proportional to B1/4 under the super strong magnetic field. We note that this result is exactly the opposite of the popular idea that the electron Fermi energy decreases with the magnetic field. The key reason for the dilemma is that an incorrect formulae of the microscopic number of states for the electrons in the intense magnetic field from some internationally well known popular textbooks on statistical physics has been repeatedly quoted by many authors. An important inference from our idea is the direct Urca process is permitted in the magnetars. 3. We propose a new mechanism for the production of the high soft X-ray luminosities of magnetars. In particular, the Fermi energy of the electrons is higher than 60MeV in ultra-strong magnetic fields, B>>Bcr (=4.414×1013 gauss), which is much higher than the Fermi energy of the neutrons. In this case, the process of electron capture (EC) by protons around the proton Femi surface would dominate in magnetars. The outgoing high-energy neutrons due to EC process can easily destroy the 3 P2 Cooper pairs through the nuclear strong interaction. When one Cooper pair is destroyed, the orderly magnetic energy 2μn B would be released and transformed into disorder thermal energy, then it may be radiated as soft X-rays. The Energy is in the X-ray range. The total magnetic energy of 3 P2 Cooper pairs can be estimated as 1.0×1047B15(m(3 P2 )/0.1m⊙)ergs. This energy can maintain over 4 6 10 − yrs for LX ≈ 1034-1036 ergs/s. We have also calculated the theoretical luminosities of magnetars, and our results compared very well with observations of magnetars
Keynote Forum
Debabrata Saha
Independent Research Scientist, USA
Keynote: Natural field: A link missing in contemporary physics
Time : 12:20-13:05
Biography:
Debabrata Saha is a research scientist who recently completed a teaching assignment in NIT, Karnataka, India as an Adjunct Professor. Before this, he taught for twenty-one years as a tenured member of a faculty, and, thereafter, worked as President of a consulting firm, both in the USA. He is a former Chairman of Washington DC–Northern Virginia Section of IEEE Information Theory Society, USA. His academic background includes earned degrees in (1) Science–BSc, Physics (Calcutta University), Technology–BTech, Electronics (Calcutta University), (3) Applied Science–MASc, Communication (University of Toronto), (4) Engineering–PhD, Computer, Information and Control Engineering (University of Michigan).
Abstract:
Natural field is a recently found new fundamental entity of nature in addition to existing four fundamentals, namely, Gravitation, Coulomb, Strong and Weak forces. It distinctly distinguishes itself from existing four in its ability to cause self-interference. The finding of Natural field came as the outcome of two observations made on shortcomings of Contemporary Physics. The first one is the incorrectness of de Broglie’s wave-particle duality (WPD), and the second one is a set of repeated experimental evidence for which Contemporary Physics offers no explanation. Natural field offers an explanation for this set. It is postulated that a matter particle, by virtue of its inertial mass, is always surrounded by a Natural field that follows from a set of dynamical equations. An important characteristic of Natural field, which follows from dynamical equations, is its ability to induce itself on to others upon impact. The notion of Natural field is easily extended from matter to light simply by replacing particle inertial energy with the photonic energy of light. Postulate of Natural field along with related theoretic analyses is supported by five independent set of repeated experimental results, namely, electron diffraction, reflection & refraction of light, splitting of light ray at a refracting surface without alteration in photonic frequency, double-slit interference pattern with photon passing through one slit at a time and not both slits simultaneously, and Braggs’ X-ray diffraction as well. Natural field exhibits characteristics common to both light and matter particle. It provides a unification of matter and light.
Keynote Forum
Oomman K Varghese
University of Houston, USA
Keynote: Advanced materials for solar photoelectrochemical fuel generation
Biography:
Oomman K Varghese received PhD in Physics from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), India in 2001. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Physics Department, University of Houston. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed articles, one book, a book chapter, and two patents. His publications have received over 31000 citations (Google Scholar h-index is 67). In 2011, Thomson Reuters ranked him 9th among ‘World's Top 100 Materials Scientists’ in the past decade. In 2014, 2015 and 2016 he received the title ‘Highly Cited Researcher’ and had a name listed in Thomson Reuters’ World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds.
Abstract:
Fuel generation using solar energy has been widely investigated as a potential pathway for sustainable development in the energy sector. Various technologies, normal and hybrid, have emerged in recent years to generate fuels from sources such as water and carbon dioxide utilizing the ultraviolet/visible or thermal (or both) components of the solar spectrum. Solar photoelectrochemical fuel generation is one such technology that utilizes the photocatalytic properties of semiconducting materials to convert energy in the ultraviolet/visible part of the solar spectrum to fuels. The process does not require elevated temperature or pressure conditions. The sunlight to fuel conversion efficiency is, however, not yet high enough to apply the technology on a commercial scale. The primary limitation is in the inability of the photocatalysts to absorb visible light photons or transport the photo-generated charge carriers to the surface for redox reactions. Wide band gap photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide transport charge carriers relatively better than narrow band gap semiconductors such as iron oxide; however, wide band gap materials utilize only the ultraviolet photons. We recently introduced a strategy that consists of joining a wide band gap and a narrow band gap nanoarchitecture to form a heterostructure photoelectrode. Such electrodes exhibited promising characteristics for broad-spectrum light utilization. These results along with the current state of the technology will be discussed in this presentation.
- Condensed Matter Physics | Solid State Physics | Theoretical Physics| Organic Electronics | Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Chair
Debabrata Saha
Independent Research Scientist, USA
Co-Chair
Jan Smotlakha
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
Session Introduction
Barbara A Jones
IBM Research – Almaden, USA
Title: Emergent magnetism in titanium nitride
Biography:
Barbara A Jones has been at IBM Almaden since 1989, working in a variety of areas from modeling magnetic recording devices to magnetic atoms on surfaces as studied by STM. She got her PhD from Cornell University in 1988, followed by a Postdoc at Harvard. She is on the Board of Physics and Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences, an officer of the Physics Section of the AAAS, and an Honorary Member of the Aspen Center for Physics. She has been on the Editorial Boards of Physical Review X, Physical Review B, and Journal of Low-Temperature Physics
Abstract:
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a well-known technological material, a heat insulator of extreme hardness, used in highperformance coatings on other metals, as well as a non-toxic material for medical applications. It is also extensively used in the microelectronics industry. In none of these applications is it magnetic. However, in our first principal's density functional calculations we show that when TiN is strained by increasing the separation between atomic layers, resulting monolayers of TiN become magnetic. We show how this magnetism is activated or emergent as the layer separation gradually increases: at a critical separation, the magnetism turns on, and remains magnetic in a stable configuration. We also show how this may be experimentally realized, with the addition of, for example, Argon into TiN, to create TiN monolayers either in the bulk or at the surface. In addition, our analysis leads to an understanding of the source of magnetism in TiN monolayers, even in the midst of bulk TiN, and only separated from the bulk by monolayers of Ar. We present 3D illustrations of those wave functions and orbitals responsible for the magnetism and the effects of other layers on this magnetism. We also show some related model systems which show unexpected magnetic behavior.
Sheng-Yung Chang
University of California Los Angeles, USA
Title: High efficiency organic photovoltaics: Current and beyond
Biography:
Sheng-Yung Chang is a fourth-year PhD candidate in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UCLA. His research interest focuses on organic electronics, including organic photovoltaics, light emitting diode, and sensor. He has been awarded the MOE Technologies Incubation Scholarship for 3 years and Enli-Tech Scholarship for 1 year for his excellent research performance. He has published more than 15 papers as first author or co-author in SCI journals as of November 2018.
Abstract:
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) has become a promising alternative energy due to the light-weight property and environmental friendliness. In the past 20 years, its stabilized power conversion efficiency increases from less than 1% to higher than 10%, which is a remarkable accomplishment. The fundamental science inside the OPV device is thus an interesting and meaningful topic. To incorporate more innovative ideas to this growing field, the history of OPV development and the design strategies for improving the efficiency will be introduced in the first part of this topic. We are also going to present the works of the most updated world record-breaking OPV, which are designed by the UCLA team and certified by National Renewable Energy Laboratory. In the second part, we like to discuss the new and thriving trend for organic photovoltaics: high performance transparent organic PV (TOPV). Transparent photovoltaics, including building-integrated PV and agricultureintegrated PV, are recently receiving more attention due to their unique potential in future applications beyond just harvesting solar energy. TOPV, which is a branch of transparent PV, has several intrinsic superior physical and chemical properties for achieving transparency and further application. In order to stimulate more creative thinking in the transparency module and its application, our new works and discussion of advanced TOPV will be presented.
Danut Dragoi
Non-affiliated Senior Scientist, USA
Title: Chromatic and polychromatic radiation for crystal orientation
Biography:
Danut Dragoi has completed his PhD at the age of 47 years from the University of Denver and postdoctoral studies from California Institute of Technology. He worked in Academia and Industry. He retired this year. He has published more than 70 papers in reputed journals and two books, one at Amazon and the other on Scholars' Press
Abstract:
Modern Physics and Materials Science need a variety of innovative methods for characterization of materials. X-rays served as the best radiation for determining the orientation of single crystals, one important step in many advanced technologies in semiconductor industries and other. In the presentation, we will discuss the usage of both kinds of radiation, monochromatic and polychromatic in achieving the goal of determining high accuracy and precision for determining crystal orientation. The exact equation of orientation for both cases will be given along adequate parametrizations very useful in applications.
Hari Datt Pandey
University of California Riverside, USA
Title: Estimating vibrational lifetime and boundary conductance
Biography:
Hari Datt Pandey has completed his PhD in 2018 from University of Nevada Reno, USA and currently a Postdoc at University of California Riverside. He has published more than ten publications in his graduate study. His was involved in research of vibrational energy flow, and boundary conductance in the field of condensed matter physics. He was also involved in the dynamics of soft matters and currently participating in a conformational study of the protein, drug designing, and binding kinetics.
Abstract:
Estimating vibrational signatures of a large molecular system is even tricky because of overlapping frequencies. Therefore, the vibrational probes are used to distinguish the vibrational signatures in the IR experiments. The underlying anharmonic interactions and prevailing resonances within the energy space dictate the vibrational lifetime, localization, participation, and energy flow pathway. These processes can be estimated from the quasiharmonic approximation accounting the intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). The IVR process is irreversible and collisionless within the specified timescale of interest. We computed the IVR properties of liquid alkylbenzene systems by solving the vibrational Hamiltonian with the potential up to cubic or quartic anharmonic terms deriving the self-consistent system of nonlinear equation1-3. Only addressing the modes of interest and solving iteratively, the vibrational properties can be computed. Later we estimated the vibrational lifetime of the isotopically substituted nitrile probe, cyanophenylalanine4-5. The frequency of the nitrile of the four isotopomers decreases in the order 12C14N, 12C15N, 13C14N, and 13C15N, whereas the corresponding lifetime varies nonmonotonically with the change in frequency. The estimated lifetime first two C-N stretches are within 15% of the experimentally measured value 4.0, 2.4, 2.0, and 3.7 ps respectively and the other two are off by a factor of 2.4-5 In the unsubstituted, 12C14N, the coupled state are nonresonant at the level of cubic anharmonic interaction, whereas in other cases the energy flow is via the resonantly coupled pathway. The lifetime of 13C15N is slower contradicting the general convention that closer the resonance, faster the energy flow. We found that for some resonantly coupled modes to the CN are localized to the ring, while at other they are more delocalized. The resonantly coupled states are localized bright states and preferably is the reason behind the longer lifetime of the isotopically substituted case4 . The IVR estimation method is also useful to determine the many-body localizationthermalization transition to estimate the boundary conductance. We have estimated the boundary conductance of various metal-alkane/perfluoroalkane-sapphier, metal-polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomer junctions, and the results also agree with the experiments 6-11.
Jan Smotlakha
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
Title: Effect of the grain boundaries on the electronic and mechanical structure of graphene
Biography:
Jan Smotlacha has completed his PhD at the age of 33 years from Czech Technical University. Now he works as the senior research scientist in the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. His investigation is concentrated on the graphene and other kinds of nanostructures and Weyl semimetals. Besides the electronic and magnetic properties, he models the influence of the structure perturbations connected with the topological defects and geometry. He has published about 20 papers in reputed journals or conference proceedings.
Abstract:
The grain boundaries in the graphene nanostructures usually consist of a combination of pentagonal and heptagonal defects. Being not very thick, they create regions of size tenths of nanometers. They arise during the production process and are intimately connected with the internal structure of the corresponding materials. The production process is mostly initiated by the chemical vapor deposition. Of course, the grain boundaries have a huge, usually undesirable influence on the electronic structure of the materials. Depending on the external conditions during the production, there can be qualitative differences in their properties. The resulting structures contain grains of different sizes, distributions and lattice orientations. Numerical calculations for a few samples were performed where the average sizes of the grains fluctuated from 13 to 25nm. They showed a considerable difference in the conductivities and charge carrier mobilities. The mobilities depend on the size of the grain boundaries linearly. Next, different configurations of the defects in the grain boundaries were considered and the corresponding polycrystalline structures showed significant differences in the investigated characteristics.
U P Verma
Jiwaji University, India
Title: Electronic, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of Gd -filled ternary skutterudites
Biography:
U P Verma has completed His PhD at the age of 25 from Meerut University, Meerut. He is the recipient of Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship at Justus Liebig University, Giessen and Goethe University Frankfurt. He has served as Regional Director of MP Bhoj Open University, Director Institute of Distance Education and as Head, School of Studies in Physics of Jiwaji University, Gwalior. He has published more than 100 research papers in journals of repute and supervised to 18 students for their PhD.
Abstract:
Rare earth filled ternary skutterudite compounds have potential applications to produce clean energy, long-term stability and low cost as compared to other thermoelectric materials. For good efficiency, materials should possess high electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, and high Seebeck coefficient. In this communication, the electronic, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of Gd-filled skutterudites GdFe4 P12, GdRu4 P12 and GdOs4 P12 have been reported. The study is based on full potential linearized augmented plane wave method in the framework of density functional theory. The exchangecorrelation potential are treated using the generalized gradient approximation. The electronic behavior of this material is semimetallic. Investigation of mechanical properties shows that reported materials are brittle and anisotropic. GdOs4 P12 is stiffest among GdT4 P12 (T=Fe, Ru, Os). The Boltzmann transport theory with constant relaxation time has been used, as implemented in BoltzTraP code, to predict the thermoelectric properties of all the materials. The magnitude of Seebeck coefficient in spin down channel is more than that in spin up the channel. The maximum values of the figure of merit obtained in spin up channel are 0.44, 0.89 and 0.86 whereas in spin down channel the figure of merit are found to be 0.98, 0.90 and 0.96, respectively for GdFe4P12, GdRu4 P12, and GdOs4 P12. On the basis of the values of ZT, GdRu4 P12 is efficient material in spin up configuration and GdFe4 P12 in spin down configuration. Study of the electronic charge density shows that in the rare earth filled ternary skutterudite compounds have P-P covalent and Gd-B and Fe-B ionic bonding.
Feroz Alam Khan
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh
Title: Structural and magnetic properties of Bi0.80Ba0.20Fe1-xTix O3 ceramics prepared by planetary ball milling technique
Biography:
Feroz Alam Khan has completed his PhD degree from the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) and his Postdoctoral Research at the University of Delaware, USA, University of Uppsala, Sweden, and the University of Tsukuba, Japan. He is a Professor in Physics at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). He is a leader of a research group called Dhaka Materials Science Group under a scientific research collaboration with the International Science Programs (ISP), Uppsala University, Sweden. He has supervised more than 25 postgraduate degrees that include Masters, MPhil, and PhD degrees. He has to his credit more than 50 research publications. He is involved in promoting basic science research through the establishment of regional research collaborations with the south-east Asian Universities under the umbrella of International Science Programs.
Abstract:
The Bi0.80Ba0.20Fe1-xTix O3 (0≤x≤0.10) ceramics samples are synthesized by solid state reaction and planetary ball milling technique. The structural, magnetic and electrical properties have been investigated over an wide range of temperature and magnetic field. It is observed that a structural phase transformation has occured for 20% Ba doped BFO. The rhombohedral crystal structure is transformed into a pseudo cubic structure causing a change in the unit cell volume and also that of the nanocrystalite. The FESEM images taken in different magnification shows that the grains are segregated into different clusters with a wide range of size distribution from 100-300 nm. The composition was later doped with Ti to observe the effect of Ti doping on the magnetic and electrical properties of the material.The dc magnetization shows that Ba doped Bismuth Ferrite samples is ferromagnetic with a significant magnetization. However with increasing Ti concentration the magnetization has decreased. The low temperature hysteresis shows diamagnetism for 10% Ti concentration which is regarded as a magnetic phase transition making this composition an interesting material for technological application. It is observed that the highest magnetization is achieved for 20% Ba doped BFO which indicate that there is a possible suppression of long cycloidal spin structure resulting in an enhanced magnetization. The introduction of Ba2+ ion at Bi3+ site is likely to induce oxygen vacancy which is one of the origins of leakage current. The change in orientation of FeO6 due to the change of coordination of Fe is also assumed to be another origin of leakage current .We predict that the introduction of Ti4+ ion at the Fe site compensates for the oxygen vacancy and reduce the leakage current. In addition the introduction of Ti4+ is likely responsible for the increased resistivity of the material. The measured ac dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac permeability at different temperatures show a strong frequency dependent behavior. The room temperature dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor have shown high values at low frequency and have decreased rapidly with increasing frequency.